Dry Bulk Chartering — Internal Onboarding

layout: cover kicker: Internal Onboarding · Dry Bulk title: Dry Bulk Chartering subtitle: How a cargo finds a ship — and how the deal gets done.

layout: agenda kicker: What we'll cover title: Five things to know on day one items:

{ topic: Chartering, desc: "the business of hiring ships to move cargo" }
{ topic: Bulk cargo, desc: "what 'dökme' loading actually means" }
{ topic: Brokers & our panel, desc: "the three brokers we fix through" }
{ topic: The recap, desc: "how a deal becomes binding" }
{ topic: Laytime terms, desc: "demurrage, despatch, NOR, laycan" }

layout: section index: "01" kicker: Part one title: Chartering subtitle: The business we're in.

layout: define kicker: The basics term: What is chartering? definition: Hiring a ship to move cargo from one port to another, under a contract called a charter party (CP). points:

"A cargo owner needs tonnage; a shipowner has a vessel."
"Chartering is the market where the two are matched and priced."
"Everything is negotiated: freight, dates, who pays for what."

{ icon: "lucide:route", title: Voyage charter, items: ["Hired for one specific voyage", "Paid as freight, per tonne of cargo", "Owner pays voyage costs (fuel, port)"] }
{ icon: "lucide:calendar-clock", title: Time charter, items: ["Hired for a period of time", "Paid as hire, per day", "Charterer directs the employment"] }
{ icon: "lucide:ship", title: Bareboat charter, items: ["Charterer takes the bare ship", "Provides crew, runs it as owner", "Long term, finance-like"] }
{ icon: "lucide:repeat", title: COA, items: ["Contract of Affreightment", "A series of voyages over time", "Volume committed, ships nominated later"] }

layout: columns kicker: Who's who title: The three parties in every fixture columns:

{ title: "Owner", items: ["Provides the ship", "Wants the best rate & safe employment", "Bears costs depending on charter type"] }
{ title: "Charterer", items: ["Has the cargo to move", "Wants reliable tonnage on time", "Pays freight or hire"] }
{ title: "Broker", items: ["Sits between owner & charterer", "Finds the match, negotiates terms", "Earns commission on the fixture"] }

layout: section index: "02" kicker: Part two title: Bulk cargo subtitle: Dökme yükleme — loaded loose, not packed.

layout: define kicker: The cargo term: What is bulk (dökme) loading? definition: Cargo poured loose and unpackaged straight into the ship's holds — no boxes, no pallets. points:

"Dry bulk: grain, coal, iron ore, cement, fertiliser, bauxite."
"Loaded by chute, conveyor, grab or crane; then trimmed level."
"One homogeneous cargo fills the hold — measured by weight, not pieces."

layout: feature kicker: The fleet title: Bulk carriers come in standard sizes columns: 4 features:

{ icon: "lucide:sailboat", title: Handysize, desc: "~15–35k DWT · small ports, flexible" }
{ icon: "lucide:ship", title: Supramax, desc: "~50–60k DWT · own cranes (geared)" }
{ icon: "lucide:anchor", title: Panamax, desc: "~65–82k DWT · fits the old Panama locks" }
{ icon: "lucide:waves", title: Capesize, desc: "~150k+ DWT · ore & coal, big terminals" }

layout: steps kicker: At the load port title: How a bulk cargo gets aboard steps:

{ title: Arrive & tender NOR, desc: "vessel reports it is ready to load", icon: "lucide:flag" }
{ title: Inspect holds, desc: "must be clean, dry, cargo-ready", icon: "lucide:search-check" }
{ title: Load, desc: "conveyor / grab fills each hold", icon: "lucide:package-plus" }
{ title: Trim & draft survey, desc: "level the cargo, confirm tonnage", icon: "lucide:scale" }
{ title: Sail, desc: "documents signed, vessel departs", icon: "lucide:navigation" }

layout: section index: "03" kicker: Part three title: Brokers & our panel subtitle: We don't hit the market alone.

layout: define kicker: The intermediary term: What is a shipbroker? definition: A specialist who connects cargo with tonnage — finding the counterparty, negotiating terms, and steering the deal to a fixture. points:

"Knows who has cargo and who has open ships, right now."
"Negotiates freight, dates and clauses on our behalf."
"Paid a commission (brokerage) only when a deal is fixed."

layout: define kicker: How we work term: The panel broker system definition: Instead of one broker, we run a panel — a fixed set of trusted brokers we put a requirement out to, so we get competing options and better coverage. points:

"Wider reach into the market — more ships, more cargoes seen."
"Competition between brokers sharpens the rate."
"We currently fix through three panel brokers."

layout: panels kicker: Our panel title: The three brokers we work through panels:

{ icon: "lucide:building-2", title: Norm Bulk, body: "Dry bulk chartering broker." }
{ icon: "lucide:building-2", title: BA Chartering, body: "Dry bulk chartering broker." }
{ icon: "lucide:building-2", title: Atamar Denizcilik, body: "Istanbul-based shipbroker · dry bulk chartering." }

layout: section index: "04" kicker: Part four title: The recap subtitle: The moment a negotiation becomes a deal.

layout: define kicker: Sealing the deal term: What is a recap? definition: A recapitulation — the broker's message summarising every agreed main term once both sides say "fixed". It confirms the deal in writing. points:

"Sent before the full charter party is drawn up."
"Once clean and subjects are lifted, it is binding."
"If the CP and the recap disagree, the recap usually rules."

{ title: Order out, desc: "cargo / ship circulated to the panel", icon: "lucide:megaphone" }
{ title: Offer & counter, desc: "terms negotiated back and forth", icon: "lucide:arrow-left-right" }
{ title: On subjects, desc: "agreed, pending final approvals", icon: "lucide:circle-dashed" }
{ title: Recap, desc: "all main terms confirmed in one message", icon: "lucide:file-check" }
{ title: Charter party, desc: "the full formal contract follows", icon: "lucide:scroll-text" }

{ title: The deal, items: [{ term: "Vessel", desc: "name, flag, size, particulars" }, { term: "Cargo", desc: "type & quantity, e.g. 50,000 mt grain" }, { term: "Freight / hire", desc: "the rate and how it's paid" }] }
{ title: The terms, items: [{ term: "Load / discharge ports", desc: "where it loads and delivers" }, { term: "Laycan", desc: "the arrival window" }, { term: "Laytime & rates", desc: "time allowed, demurrage / despatch" }] }

layout: section index: "05" kicker: Part five title: Laytime terms subtitle: The clock that decides who pays.

layout: define kicker: The core idea term: What is laytime? definition: The amount of time the charterer is allowed to load or discharge the cargo — already paid for inside the freight. points:

"Run out of time and the meter starts running against you."
"Finish early and you may be rewarded."
"The whole game is counting time correctly at the port."

{ title: Time & windows, items: [{ term: "Laycan", desc: "laydays/cancelling — the arrival window" }, { term: "NOR", desc: "Notice of Readiness — 'ship is ready'" }, { term: "SOF", desc: "Statement of Facts — log of port events" }] }
{ title: Counting rules, items: [{ term: "SHINC", desc: "Sundays & holidays included" }, { term: "SHEX", desc: "Sundays & holidays excepted" }, { term: "WWD", desc: "weather working days only" }] }

layout: vs kicker: The two outcomes title: Demurrage vs despatch left: { title: "Demurrage", items: ["Laytime is EXCEEDED", "Charterer pays the owner", "An agreed daily rate", "Penalty for keeping the ship waiting"] } right: { title: "Despatch", items: ["Loading/discharge finishes EARLY", "Owner pays the charterer", "Usually HALF the demurrage rate", "Reward for releasing the ship sooner"] } label: "vs"